Hard-Core-DX.com - Probably the best DX site in the world Nov 25, 2024, 05:28:46 UTC  
Calendar  | Subscribe to our Mailing List  | Search our site & web  | Polls  | About  | Antenna Books  | Archives  | Copyright  | Hard-Core-DX store  | Radio Books  | Write To Us
Be first -- subscribe!
Get all DX news directly to your email inbox.
Subscribe to the HCDX mailing list

HCDX Channels
Front page
DX News
Logs


Special:
Antennas
DX Lab

Latin America:
Andes DX

Partner Channels
QSL News
Clandestine Radio
Russian DX
Shortwave Bulletin
Signal DX
World of Radio

Medium wave:
IRCA

In Finnish:
Suomi DX
DX Usenet

In French:
DX Philately

In German:
A-DX

In Italian:
BCLNews
Radioascolto
FMDX Italy

In Portuguese:
@tividade DX

In Russian:
Русь-DX
Сигнал

In Spanish:
Conexion Digital

Radio Stations:
SWR Radio News


Do you want to have your
own HCDX Channel?

We would like to see
your channel here.
Please email to
HCDX Staff


HCDX Online Log
The latest logs on
HCDX Online Log
Add yours as well!

DXing Events
There are no upcoming events




Glenn Hauser logs September 10, 2023  View Printable Version 
Sunday, September 10 2023

Logs
** CUBA. 6000, Sept 10 at 0702, dead air from RHC, S9+10 direct vs
HLNL: only frequency still on at the Sunday time when weekly Esperanto
is supposed to air on 6100. Something`s always wrong at RHC (Glenn
Hauser, OK, WOR)

** U S A [and non]. WORLD OF RADIO 2207 monitoring: still not
confirmed UT Sunday Sept 10 at 0000 on WRMI 9955, rather Jeff
interviewing a tech presumably on `Viva Miami`. WOR supposedly
starting `later in Sept` when some new equipment is running, TBA by
Jeff; i.e. Sept 17 or 24.

Confirmed UT Sunday September 10 at 0034, the 0030 on WRMI 7780, JBA
direct in HLNL = high line noise level; at 0058, S9 into Missouri SDR
vs HSNL = high storm noise level.

Also confirmed UT Sunday September 10 at 0319 on WA0RCR, 1860 AM, MO,
S9+15/20 vs HSNL into nearby SDR: nearest Blitz in east TN, NW KS,
about 4 minutes into so started on time circa 0315.

Also confirmed Sunday September 10 at 1030 on WRMI 9955, sufficient as
I happened to awaken.

Mike Barraclough reports Sept 10 to the bdxc-news iog: ``Smooth Radio
AM closures --- Thomas TV on Digital Spy reports this afternoon
hearing a message on Smooth Sussex 945 saying that they will be coming
off AM at the end of this month. Checking their webpage showing AM
frequencies which was updated September 4 it's now not listed there
nor is 1323 Brighton so that must be closing soon as well.
https://www.smoothradio.com/radio/how-to-listen/getting-started/
Mike``

--- That should lessen the QRM to WOR broadcasts on 1323 from Italy,
Fri 2030 & Sun 2000 UT. Next:

2000 UT Sunday IRRS 1323 & 918? & 207?-Italy
0030 UT Monday WRMI 7780 to SW
0300vUT Monday WBCQ Area 51 6160v to WSW
0030 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1300 UT Tuesday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
2330 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1000 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB
1030 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB [previous #2206]
2100 UT Wednesday WBCQ 7490v to WSW
0030 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 5010 to S
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW

Thanks this week for financial support from Christopher Campbell,
Columbus OH, for a contribution via PayPal in US funds but not
necessarily, to woradio at yahoo.com and says, ``For your continuing
generous effort to supply daily DX news about the world to the world.
My greatest appreciation and admiration lay upon you. Your work means
so much to me. I love the "tips for rational living.``

One may also contribute by MO or check on a US bank to:
Glenn Hauser, PO Box 1684, Enid OK 73702 (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** U S A. 5950, UT Sun Sept 10 at 0000, surprise extra airing of
`Encore` classical music has replaced Texas Radio SW, which suddenly
suspended on WRMI. And at 0100, second hour of TRSW replaced by the
Dave Mason hour of `The Mighty KBC`, ``all-American rock & roll``; KBC
already sked at 00-02 Sun on 9455, unchecked, among several other
times. Will this lineup continue? (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

This report dispatched at 1838 UT September 10
_
Hard-Core-DX mailing list
Hard-Core-DX@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/

 

Glenn Hauser logs September 9, 2023  View Printable Version 
Sunday, September 10 2023

Logs
** ANTARCTICA [and non]. 15475.98 RC USB, Saturday September 9 at
1741, LRA36 is on already S5/S7 with echoey music; 1806 the poetic
scripted piece about Antarctica; 1807 into music. Still at 1935,
S7/9+10 into Argentine remote. I was mainly listening instead to the
opera from China on the WFMT Network via KUCO. Still on at 2112 when
I`m mainly listening to `Film At Five` on WCLV analyzing Star Wars
music. 2237 still on with music; off before next check 2329 (Glenn
Hauser, OK, WOR)

** MALDIVES [non]. 11620, Sept 9 at 1500, V of Martyrs Korea s/on in
English, refers to ``tiny Maldives``, and continues preaching in
English rather than Dhivehi sometimes. In this case I`ll not trap them
since per Almanaque Mundial, total land area of 1200 islands is only
298 sq km. And anything next to India seems tiny by comparison. S9/+20
as usual here on the opposite worldside, making the ``Uzbekistan``
nominal site unbelievable; more likely Taiwan or Kununurra, Australia
(Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** TURKEY. 11785.009, Sept 9 at 2238 tune-in, S9+40 into UTwente, with
a recipe involving chicken broth, outro as `Turkey`s Geomarked [sic]
Products` to 2240, then ``with you every hour`` promo; 2241 song, with
some distortion worse during music; 2245 multi-lingual ID filler reel;
2247 song; 2251 s/off; 2253 IS; 2256 start German IDs twice a minute;
2359.6* cut off air just in time to prevent German hour. Something`s
always erroneous at Emirler. Before it went off I checked for splatter
above and below 11785 like last time, but that seems OK now and
Romania 11800 unscathed (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** U S A. eQSL for Texas Radio SW, which presented two WORLDs of
RADIOs from 1986, #322 & 342, as recorded by Mick Delmage, Alberta,
off WRNO; in a salute to 2200 WORs recently completed; Aug 27, 2023 at
0000-0100 on WRMI 5950:
https://www.w4uvh.net/TRSW_World_of_Radio_QSL_WRMI_Hauser.pdf
or #145 via http://www.worldofradio.com/QSL.html
Many thanks to Terry Colgan, who surprisingly had to suspend TRSW after
the Sept 3 programs; and our best wishes to him.

Sked on WRMI had been UT Sun 00-01 on 5950, Sun 12-13 on 15770. I`m
wondering whether some previous TRSWs might appear in those slots
still. WRMI skedgrids not updated to show anything else (Glenn Hauser,
OK, WOR)

** U S A [and non]. WORLD OF RADIO 2207 monitoring: ``[WOR] AM
loggings of World Of Radio 2207, from Treviso, Italy --- G.A.
Marabello. Hello radio friends, How are you? I hope very well in a
pandemic world. Here are the following logs on [Fri] September 8,
2023: 1323 8/9 2030 AM Italia/IRRS-Nexus, IT-Villa Estense (PD) Px
"World Of Radio #2207" E 24543. No transmission on 918 and 207 kHz!
Additional info: https://www.nexus.org/am-radio/
https://acquamarina.blogspot.com
73 da N. Marabello, QTH Treviso, Italy, RX: TECSUN PL-365, antenna:
10m longwire``

Also confirmed UT Saturday September 9 at 0130 on WRMI 5850, the first
SW broadcast, S9+10/20 direct. As usual this airing starts about 10
seconds later.

Also confirmed Saturday September 9 at 1600 & 1930 on WRN North
America webcasts. And after 1930 on WRMI webcast-only.

Also confirmed Saturday September 9 at 1936 on WA0RCR, 1860 AM, MO,
S7/9+10 into nearby SDR, about 2 minutes into so started circa 1934.
Next:

0000 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
0030 UT Sunday WRMI 7780 to SW
0245vUT Sunday WA0RCR 1860-AM [nominal 0315; as late as 0457]
1030 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 [jammed by Cuba?]
2000 UT Sunday IRRS 1323 & 918? & 207?-Italy
0030 UT Monday WRMI 7780 to SW
0300vUT Monday WBCQ Area 51 6160v to WSW
0030 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1300 UT Tuesday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
2330 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1000 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB
1030 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB [previous #2206]
2100 UT Wednesday WBCQ 7490v to WSW
0030 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 5010 to S
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW

Thanks this week for financial support from Christopher Campbell,
Columbus OH, for a contribution via PayPal in US funds but not
necessarily, to woradio at yahoo.com and says, ``For your continuing
generous effort to supply daily DX news about the world to the world.
My greatest appreciation and admiration lay upon you. Your work means
so much to me. I love the "tips for rational living.``

One may also contribute by MO or check on a US bank to:
Glenn Hauser, PO Box 1684, Enid OK 73702 (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** VATICAN. 15595, Sept 9 at 0633, S9 best signal on band has RCC news
in English. VR, SMG is scheduled everywhere as in French at 0630-0645;
except Sundays (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

UNIDENTIFIED. 15700, Sept 9 at 0633, JBA carrier vs S9 line noise
level still not repaired by OG&E 3+ days later. Only thing listed is
World Music Radio, DENMARK, per EiBi 24 hours, but per Aoki 09-16
only. It`s low power and I have never managed even a carrier in
numerous bandscans here nor on 25800 or 5930. Operator said it would
be 24/7 thru September with 300 W AM on 15700. As recently as Sept 3,
Carlos Gonçalves, Portugal logged it on 15699.7; on Aug 31, 15699.642
per Wolfgang Büschel. I did not notice it being so far off-frequency
but was not alert for that. Maybe something else. Propagation?
Surprisingly, Vatican q.v. was in well on 15595, with a bit more power
(Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

This report dispatched at 2350 UT September 9
_
Hard-Core-DX mailing list
Hard-Core-DX@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/

 

Glenn Hauser logs September 8-9, 2023  View Printable Version 
Saturday, September 09 2023

Logs
** OKLAHOMA [and non]. 101.5, Sept 8 circa 1820 UT on caradio around
Enid, seems to be slight quieting but no Spanish; no stereo pilot
either, so if KOCD Okeene, either turned off $ or just too weak to
fire. Later circa 1830 at a certain sweet spot, getting JBA Spanish
talk show about finances, more likely KSMM Liberal KS than religious
KOCD?

No, it isn`t: KSMM format is regional Mexmx and even sort of a program
sked on website: ``12 PM – 4 PM Monday - Friday Erica Majalca ”La
Manzanita" Join “La Manzanita/The Little Apple” as she presents la
música del pueblo: banda, corridos, rancheras, cumbias, pop,
romanticas and unforgettable classics every afternoon``

So back to KOCD? Website has no specific program sked,
https://salvacionradionetwork.org/
but ``something for everyone`` and this revelation!:

``The History of Our Station / La Historia de Nuestra Estacion
Radio Salvacion esta en el aire desde el año 2001, transmitiendo por
el 1220 AM, y 890 AM.

KWDW-LP 93.9 comenzó a transmitir en las ondas de LPFM en Agosto del
2014. Dejo de transmitir en Enero 2023.

KOCD 101.5FM comenzó a transmitir como Salvacion Radio Network en
Noviembre 2018. Termino de transmitir en Enero 2023``

Sic, sporadically accented. Sez both 101.5 and its primary on 93.9
went off the air in January 2023. So what were we hearing since then
but not recently? KOCD 101.5 transmitter might have been on air anyway
for test or oversight, or even being sold off.

Hmmm, there is another Okie in Spanish I had not previously
considered, just north of Tulsa, a lot closer than Liberal KS, but a
lot weaker. WTFDA FM Database shows the one for whose ID I must be
alert:

KIZS 101.5 COLLINSVILLE OK HD Spanish OLDIES 101.5 EL PATRON 6.2 kW
200.0 m HAAT 36-20-02 95-47-08 17BC 101.5 El Patron; 183 km/114 stmi

As for 1220 y 890 AM, must have bought some brokered time, not owned:
KTLV 1220 Midwest City is now UC:GOS, no mention of Spanish in new
2023-24 NRC AM Log; KTLR 890 OKC is REL/TLK, no mention of Spanish but
owned by Tyler Media which also runs KTUZ TV with three or four SS
networx, and KTUZ 106.7 fulltime Spanish (Glenn Hauser, Enid, WOR)

** SPAIN. 17855, Fri Sept 8 at 2200, token English from SNR. Justin
Coe is again heard during part of the program. VG into Maryland SDR,
also 15520, 17715; and 11670 for Africa better than usual but still
squealy. Too may distraxions including Turkey to note much detail.
Kenneth Vito Zichi habitually reports on these in great detail,
presumably by recording and research, q.v. (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** TURKEY [and non]. 11785.009, Sept 8 at 2200, VOT English not off
the air, S9+45/50 into UTwente. I try to compare it to simulEnglish
from Romania on 11800, only to find that unusually weak and bothered
by splatter, which I then observe at least plus/minus 15/20 kHz both
sides of VOT, and sure sounds like the source, not distorted on 11785
itself but plenty loud. 2213, ``with you every hour`` promo, song.
2217 `Weekly Analysis`, writer unattributed, about foreign minister
visit to Iraq, as predecessor to planned Erdogan visit; lots of issues
to be resolved, notably PKK activities in northern Iraq. 2231 `Feeling
Supreme/The Healing Supring` on benefits of linden tea. As here, std
disclaimer about any associated advertising:
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/linden-tea
2242 `Did You Know That` about unique cheese produced in some Turkish
city, dating back to 5000 BC [sic], so a repeat by the badax; music.
2253 canned s/off as usual. 2254.5 IS, 2256.5 German ID, but 2257*
chopoff. Something`s always erroneous at Emirler (Glenn Hauser, OK,
WOR)

** U S A [and non]. WORLD OF RADIO 2207 monitoring: confirmed Friday
September 8 at 2030 on IRRS SW via AM Italia, 1323 kHz, S9+5/15 into
nearby Noale SDR with some storm crashes and lite CCI. No Blitz on map
closer than Malta, Galicia. Still not on 918 or 207 kHz. Next:

0130 UT Saturday WRMI 5850 to NW
1930vUT Saturday WA0RCR 1860-AM
0000 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
0030 UT Sunday WRMI 7780 to SW
0245vUT Sunday WA0RCR 1860-AM [nominal 0315; as late as 0457]
1030 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 [jammed by Cuba?]
2000 UT Sunday IRRS 1323 & 918? & 207?-Italy
0030 UT Monday WRMI 7780 to SW
0300vUT Monday WBCQ Area 51 6160v to WSW
0030 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1300 UT Tuesday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
2330 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1000 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB
1030 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB [previous #2206]
2100 UT Wednesday WBCQ 7490v to WSW
0030 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 5010 to S
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW

Thanks this week for financial support from Christopher Campbell,
Columbus OH, for a contribution via PayPal in US funds but not
necessarily, to woradio at yahoo.com and says, ``For your continuing
generous effort to supply daily DX news about the world to the world.
My greatest appreciation and admiration lay upon you. Your work means
so much to me. I love the "tips for rational living.``

One may also contribute by MO or check on a US bank to:
Glenn Hauser, PO Box 1684, Enid OK 73702 (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** U S A. 9330, Sept 8 at 0628, no signal from WLCR/WBCQ-6, presumably
off; tho propagation has been degraded, WRMI still good on 9395, 9455,
9955, but has a Southern advantage. Allan Weiner says today marx
WBCQ`s 25th anniversary on the air, *1998y. Congrats (Glenn Hauser,
OK, WOR)

** U S A. 5130+, Sept 9 at 0030, no signal from R. Trump
International. Allan said on `AAAWWW` a few minutes ago that it was
hit by lightning the day before. Tsk2. So WBCQ simulcasting now only
on 7490- and 6160- (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

This report dispatched at 0104 UT September 9
_
Hard-Core-DX mailing list
Hard-Core-DX@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/

 

Glenn Hauser logs September 6-7, 2023  View Printable Version 
Friday, September 08 2023

Logs
** SPAIN. Hola Glenn. :-) El 7/9/23 a las 4:14, Glenn Hauser via
groups.io escribió: ``striking building about authors` & composers`
compensation, abbr`d ASGAY? Inside is an exhibition about Spanish rock
bands. Not that I care about this subject, but back to it at 2220
after trying to put up with the distortion on VOT. I try to google
correct spelling; asgay gets sidetracked to gay stuff; asgaii comes up
as a possibility but then that`s sidetracked to Did You Mean ASCII!``

José Ramón Estapá replies on the AER foroDX: ``Seguramente se refieran
a la "SGAE", que es la Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. Una
sociedad bastante polémica por aquí, por cierto:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_General_de_Autores_y_Editores

Creo que en USA, el equivalente es "ASCAP":
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers
Saludos. :-)`` (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

** U S A [and non]. WORLD OF RADIO 2206 monitoring: ``Confirming a WOR
WRMI 9395 KHz broadcast at 0030 UT on Thursday, 9/7/2023, a very
strong signal with excellent modulation into central North Carolina.
Doug, KA5ETS, White``

``9395, WRMI Radio Miami Int’l; 0034, 9/7; Glenn Hauser’s World of
Radio #2206; 0059+ WRMI spot into uncopiable new pgm intro into
American Tax Relief spot. S20 peaks (Harold Frodge, MI)``

``Dear Glenn: Confirming World of Radio #2206, notes, loggings, 9395
kHz, WRMI:
0030, 0043, 0100 (45443), September 5 UTC 2023 [Tue]
0030, 0044, 0057 (45343), [Thu]
0130, 0145 (45443), 0059, 0159, September 7 UTC [Thu]
(Lemke, Richard -AB) 73’s Richard``

Confirmed at 0030 UT Thu Sept 7 on WRMI 9395, S9+5/15 into Maryland
SDR

Also confirmed after 0130 UT Thu Sept 7 on WRMI 9395, S9+20 into
Virginia SDR

Also confirmed after 0130 UT Thu Sept 7 on WRMI 5010, S9/+10 but
noisier into Virginia SDR

WORLD OF RADIO 2207 contents: Angola, Antarctica, (Argentina), Brasil,
Canada, China non, Congo DR, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia non,
(Falkland Islands], Indonesia, Kurdistan non, Malaysia, México,
Mongolia, [New Zealand], North America, Norway, Oklahoma and non,
Pakistan, Russia, Sint Maarten, Solomon Islands, Sweden, Turkey,
Ukraine, UKQOGBANI, USA, (Uzbekistan), Vanuatu, Vatican; unID 6300;
Adrian Peterson`s 50K QSLs; propagation outlook -- (countries
mentioned with others not in order)

WORLD OF RADIO 2207 available from 0112 UT September 1
(mp3 stream) https://www.w4uvh.net/wor2207.m3u
(mp3 download) https://www.w4uvh.net/wor2207.mp3

Or via http://www.worldofradio.com/audiomid.html
Also linx to podcast services.

2030 UT Friday IRRS 1323 & 918? & 207?-Italy
0130 UT Saturday WRMI 5850 to NW
1930vUT Saturday WA0RCR 1860-AM
0000 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
0030 UT Sunday WRMI 7780 to SW
0245vUT Sunday WA0RCR 1860-AM [nominal 0315; as late as 0457]
1030 UT Sunday WRMI 9955 [jammed by Cuba?]
2000 UT Sunday IRRS 1323 & 918? & 207?-Italy
0030 UT Monday WRMI 7780 to SW
0300vUT Monday WBCQ Area 51 6160v to WSW
0030 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1300 UT Tuesday WRMI 9955 to SSE [planned later in Sept]
2330 UT Tuesday WRMI 9395 to NNW
1000 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB
1030 UT Wednesday Unique R, NSW 5035-USB [previous #2206]
2100 UT Wednesday WBCQ 7490v to WSW
0030 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 5010 to S
0130 UT Thursday WRMI 9395 to NNW

Thanks this week for financial support from Christopher Campbell,
Columbus OH, for a contribution via PayPal in US funds but not
necessarily, to woradio at yahoo.com and says, ``For your continuing
generous effort to supply daily DX news about the world to the world.
My greatest appreciation and admiration lay upon you. Your work means
so much to me. I love the "tips for rational living.``

One may also contribute by MO or check on a US bank to:
Glenn Hauser, PO Box 1684, Enid OK 73702 (Glenn Hauser, OK, WOR)

This report dispatched at 0131 UT September 8
_
Hard-Core-DX mailing list
Hard-Core-DX@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/

 

Logs this morning and LRA36 info  View Printable Version 
Thursday, September 07 2023

Logs

https://swling.com/blog/2023/09/radio-nacional-arcangel-san-gabriel-receives-a-new-shortwave-transmitter/#comment-889944
<https://swling.com/blog/2023/09/radio-nacional-arcangel-san-gabriel-receives-a-new-shortwave-transmitter/#comment-889944>


Above  more info about the new TX  LRA  36 
Logs this morning  
6185Khz  0530utc   Mexico ,radio Educacion ,Mexico City , Mexico  Female
talks about Argentina  at 0557utc  ID Educacion .Better audio now fair
5025Khz    0515utc Radio Rebelde ,Bejucal  Cuba   Spanish info by Female
about Cuba ,broken audio same for 6000Khz strong signal but poor audio 
5910Khz  0520utc   Alcaravan radio , Puerto Lieras Colombia   Spanish by
Female info about Colombia ,later Alcaravan ID .Best audio in days 
Diff. radios same time  antennas in phase  like deltaloop and dipole
noise

Maurits Van Driessche
ON3MK      
_
Hard-Core-DX mailing list
Hard-Core-DX@hard-core-dx.com
http://montreal.kotalampi.com/mailman/listinfo/hard-core-dx
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/

 

Previous 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 Next
DX Search Engine



Radio Portal
is a highly specialized seach engine for radio aficionados.

More
on how best to use Radio Portal.


This page was created in 0.26 seconds